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- <text id=94TT0503>
- <title>
- Mar. 07, 1994: The Search For Virtues
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- Mar. 07, 1994 The Spy
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 78
- The Search For Virtues
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>By Lance Morrow
- </p>
- <p> In his life of Mark Antony, Plutarch produced one hilariously
- elegant sentence. It turned the loverboy's debauches into a
- kind of civic virtue: "[Antony] never feared the audit of
- his copulations, but let nature have her way, and left behind
- him the foundations of many families."
- </p>
- <p> Plutarch as spin doctor: that was not drunken lust in Antony's
- eye, but, ahem, dynastic vision.
- </p>
- <p> Sometimes virtues look better in retrospect. Antony died at
- a moment (30 B.C.) when Romans were already bitterly nostalgic
- for the austere virtues of the old republic. Antony represented
- a transition: he could live on bark and roots with his men when
- retreating out of the Alps before Lepidus (the old Roman virtues);
- and then he would anticipate the later empire by collapsing
- into a feckless boozehound (the new style). Anyway, Rome's embrace--like America's now--had grown vast and "multicultural."
- The republic's old purity of spirit had dissolved. Diversity
- overwhelmed simplicity. Quite apart from multiculturalism, if
- the present teeters between past vigor and future decadence,
- Americans right now are at their Mark Antony stage of development.
- </p>
- <p> Good-old-days virtue...imminent decay. But that may be a
- misleading distinction--an artificial paradigm that at its
- worst produces false conflicts, as between a kind of droolingly
- permissive liberalism and a family-values fanaticism.
- </p>
- <p> William J. Bennett--former drug czar, former Secretary of
- Education and long-shot conservative possibility for President
- somewhere down the road--is a sturdy Roman who wants to restore
- the virtues in a dissolute time.
- </p>
- <p> But in a new book, he manages to override the Roman model. Bennett
- suggests a superior truth about the American character: Americans
- do not care so much about differences in culture or even in
- color (despite much rancid history under that heading) as they
- care about character as it is expressed in behavior. The American
- challenge now is not to pay homage to every cultural variation
- and appease every ethnic sensitivity, but rather to encourage
- universally accepted ideals of behavior: self-discipline, compassion,
- responsibility, friendship, work, courage, perseverance, honesty,
- loyalty and faith.
- </p>
- <p> Those qualities, in that order, are the 10 sections in Bennett's
- 831-page volume called The Book of Virtues (Simon & Schuster).
- The book obviously appeals to some appetite in the American
- people. Published in November, Bennett's book has been 10 weeks
- on the best-seller list.
- </p>
- <p> In a sense, nostalgic moralists are almost always right, as
- Rome eventually proved. The problem is that nostalgic moralism
- may turn itself into a political program--which produces jackboot
- simplism, the fascism that feels like a breath of fresh air
- as it approaches, and like an apocalypse in its aftermath.
- </p>
- <p> Bennett is not demagoguing the verities. He anthologizes the
- old republic and the old virtues, but he addresses virtue at
- a level of commonality that is deeper than politics or nostalgia.
- "We must not permit our disputes over thorny political questions,"
- Bennett writes, "to obscure the obligation we have to offer
- instruction to all our young people in the area in which we
- have, as a society, reached a consensus: namely on the importance
- of good character."
- </p>
- <p> In this way, virtue itself becomes a diverse and embracing idea.
- The hundreds of selections in his book--poems, essays, fairy
- tales, folklore, short stories--are themselves multicultural,
- representing a variety of peoples, from Dead White Males, such
- as Aesop, Plato, Jefferson and Tolstoy, to imposing American
- blacks, such as Harriet Tubman, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther
- King Jr., to the Indian authors of the epic Mahabharata.
- </p>
- <p> The danger of The Book of Virtues is only that children will
- think it has a taste of medicinal worthiness. That would be
- too bad. It is full of stirring things the adult half-remembers
- and lovely oddments (Thomas A. Edison's diary in which he records
- that he was almost run over by a trolley because he was thinking
- fondly of his wife Mina) and entirely too much sentimental doggerel
- and the forced marches of Edgar Guest ("All this a baby costs,
- and yet/ His smile is worth it all, you bet").
- </p>
- <p> Americans need to be repersuaded about the virtue of virtue.
- What are the chief American virtues now? All those that Bennett
- lists, no doubt. But they are terribly out of focus. Traditional
- societies evolve virtues; experience over generations teaches
- them which virtues are necessary (honor, hospitality and modesty
- for the Bedouin, for example). A somewhat violent, highly mobile
- information-television society of short moral attention span,
- of merciless scrutiny of its role models and of crazed blasts
- of overstimulation tends to subside into a psychology of grievance
- and entitlement.
- </p>
- <p> Virtue is active, responsible and inner-directed. The atmosphere
- now encourages petulant passivity and other-directedness. Some
- of the most important virtues (self-discipline, courage, responsibility)
- require self-abnegation--and nothing is further from the spirit
- of an age that regards self-abnegation as an offense against
- self-fulfillment, that pervasive American pseudo virtue that
- took root in the idiot '60s and killed all the healthy plants
- around it.
- </p>
- <p> The Bennett book ought to be distributed, like an owner's manual,
- to new parents leaving the hospital. It is basic and corny in
- places, but as with everything else that got in the path of
- the baby boomers, it is necessary once again to reinvent the
- wheel.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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